Minus sign (" −", Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics#Minus sign) are available for negative numbers such as −4 but can cause difficulties in sorts and searches. Įm dash (" -", MOS:EMDASH) are even longer and are used solely to set aside a phrase-like this-in a sentence.Įm dashes and en dashes, when used to set off parentheticals, are interrupters, along with parentheses (round brackets) and commas the principal differences are parentheses are used to offset text of an optional or "aside" nature, commas are used to offset text that flows as an integral part of the sentence, and dashes are used to offset text in an emphasized manner. Spaced en dashes are also used to set aside a phrase – like this – in a sentence when this is done, it is preferred that a non-breaking space be used before the en dash and a normal one after it: –. in multi-part prefixes, such as "post–World War II", although for those, either a hyphen or an en dash can be used British publications use hyphens, and American publications use en dashes.to join two names in a phrase, such as the Michelson–Morley experiment,.In math formulas a hyphen-minus codes for a minus sign, but in text − produces the minus sign (see below).Įn dash (" –", MOS:ENDASH) are slightly longer than hyphens. In some styles, minus signs are represented using an en dash instead of a minus sign or a hyphen. when writing out fractions like "one-third" or "three-fifths".to avoid double vowels, such as "semi-independent".when prefixing a capitalized word, such as "un-Christian",.for prefixes and suffixes, such as "mid-Atlantic" and "shell-like",.in compound modifiers, as in "hard-boiled egg", "small-appliance industry", and "real-valued function",.in names, such as " Julia Louis-Dreyfus" and " Sainte-Ode",.They are the only short, horizontal dash-like character available as a separate key on most keyboards. Hyphen (" -", MOS:HYPHEN) (actually the hyphen-minus character in ASCII or Unicode character sets) are used in many ways on Wikipedia. Wikipedia uses four: the hyphen (sometimes called the hyphen-minus), the minus sign, the en dash, and the em dash. There are at least eight different horizontal dash-like characters of varying lengths defined in Unicode. This essay introduces the basics of hyphens, minus signs, en dashes, and em dashes in one easy lesson. Explanatory essay about the Wikipedia:Manual of Style
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